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Concepts20

Groups

📐Linear Algebra15📈Calculus & Differentiation10🎯Optimization14🎲Probability Theory12📊Statistics for ML9📡Information Theory10🔺Convex Optimization7🔢Numerical Methods6🕸Graph Theory for Deep Learning6🔵Topology for ML5🌐Differential Geometry6∞Measure Theory & Functional Analysis6🎰Random Matrix Theory5🌊Fourier Analysis & Signal Processing9🎰Sampling & Monte Carlo Methods10🧠Deep Learning Theory12🛡️Regularization Theory11👁️Attention & Transformer Theory10🎨Generative Model Theory11🔮Representation Learning10🎮Reinforcement Learning Mathematics9🔄Variational Methods8📉Loss Functions & Objectives10⏱️Sequence & Temporal Models8💎Geometric Deep Learning8

Category

🔷All∑Math⚙️Algo🗂️DS📚Theory

Level

AllBeginner
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

DP on Broken Profile - Plug DP

Plug DP (DP on broken profile with plugs) sweeps a grid cell by cell while remembering how partial path segments cross the frontier as labeled “plugs.”

#plug dp#broken profile#hamiltonian path+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Matrix Exponentiation - Advanced

Matrix exponentiation turns repeated linear transitions into fast O(n^{3} log k) computation using exponentiation by squaring.

#matrix exponentiation
12
Intermediate
Advanced
Filtering by:
#competitive programming
#adjacency matrix
#walk counting
+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Sqrt Decomposition on Queries

Sqrt decomposition on queries (time blocking) processes Q operations in blocks of size about \(\sqrt{Q}\) to balance per-query overhead and rebuild cost.

#sqrt decomposition#time blocking#query blocking+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Polynomial Operations

Fast polynomial operations treat coefficients like numbers but use FFT/NTT to multiply in O(n \log n) time instead of O(n^2).

#polynomial#ntt#fft+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Convolution Applications

Convolution turns local pairwise combinations (like matching characters or adding two dice) into a single fast transform–multiply–inverse pipeline.

#convolution#fft#ntt+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

NTT (Number Theoretic Transform)

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an FFT-like algorithm that performs discrete convolutions exactly using modular arithmetic instead of floating-point numbers.

#ntt#number theoretic transform#polynomial multiplication+11
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Mo's Algorithm - With Updates

Mo's algorithm with updates treats array modifications as a third dimension called time and answers range queries on the correct version of the array.

#mo's algorithm with updates#time dimension#offline range queries+11
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

DSU on Tree (Sack)

DSU on Tree (also called the Sack technique) answers many subtree queries in O(n \log n) by keeping data from the heavy child and temporarily re-adding light subtrees.

#dsu on tree#sack technique#subtree queries+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Rectangle Union Area

The union area of many axis-aligned rectangles can be computed efficiently using a sweep line over x and a segment tree tracking covered y-length.

#rectangle union area#line sweep#segment tree+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Suffix Array Construction

A suffix array stores the starting indices of all suffixes of a string in lexicographic order, enabling fast substring queries and many string operations.

#suffix array#lcp array#kasai+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Slope Trick

Slope Trick is a technique to maintain a convex piecewise-linear function implicitly using two heaps and a running constant.

#slope trick#convex dp#piecewise linear+11
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Subset Sum Convolution

Subset Sum Convolution (often called Subset Convolution) computes C[S] by summing A[T]×B[U] over all disjoint pairs T and U whose union is S.

#subset convolution#subset sum convolution#sos dp+11