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Concepts141

Groups

📐Linear Algebra15📈Calculus & Differentiation10🎯Optimization14🎲Probability Theory12📊Statistics for ML9📡Information Theory10🔺Convex Optimization7🔢Numerical Methods6🕸Graph Theory for Deep Learning6🔵Topology for ML5🌐Differential Geometry6∞Measure Theory & Functional Analysis6🎰Random Matrix Theory5🌊Fourier Analysis & Signal Processing9🎰Sampling & Monte Carlo Methods10🧠Deep Learning Theory12🛡️Regularization Theory11👁️Attention & Transformer Theory10🎨Generative Model Theory11🔮Representation Learning10🎮Reinforcement Learning Mathematics9🔄Variational Methods8📉Loss Functions & Objectives10⏱️Sequence & Temporal Models8💎Geometric Deep Learning8

Category

🔷All∑Math⚙️Algo🗂️DS📚Theory

Level

AllBeginnerIntermediate
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Stratified & Latin Hypercube Sampling

Stratified sampling reduces Monte Carlo variance by dividing the domain into non-overlapping regions (strata) and sampling within each region.

#stratified sampling#latin hypercube sampling#variance reduction+11
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Gibbs Sampling

Gibbs sampling is an MCMC method that generates samples by repeatedly drawing each variable from its conditional distribution given the others.

#gibbs sampling
12345
Advanced
#mcmc
#markov chain
+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm

Metropolis–Hastings is a clever accept/reject method that lets you sample from complex probability distributions using only an unnormalized density.

#metropolis-hastings#mcmc#acceptance ratio+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)

MCMC builds a random walk (a Markov chain) whose long-run visiting frequency matches your target distribution, even when the target is only known up to a constant.

#mcmc#metropolis-hastings#gibbs sampling+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Rejection Sampling

Rejection sampling draws from a hard target distribution by using an easier proposal and accepting with probability p(x)/(M q(x)).

#rejection sampling#accept-reject#proposal distribution+11
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Importance Sampling

Importance sampling rewrites an expectation under a hard-to-sample distribution p as an expectation under an easier distribution q, multiplied by a weight w = p/q.

#importance sampling#proposal distribution#self-normalized+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Monte Carlo Estimation

Monte Carlo estimation approximates an expected value by averaging function values at random samples drawn from a probability distribution.

#monte carlo#expectation#variance reduction+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT)

The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) breaks a signal into small overlapping windows and computes a Fourier transform on each window to reveal how frequencies evolve over time.

#stft#short-time fourier transform#spectrogram+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) & FFT

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) converts a length-N sequence from the time (or spatial) domain into N complex frequency coefficients that describe how much of each sinusoid is present.

#dft#fft#cooley-tukey+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Numerical Differentiation & Finite Differences

Numerical differentiation uses finite differences to estimate derivatives when an analytical derivative is hard or impossible to obtain.

#numerical differentiation#finite differences#forward difference+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Numerical Integration & Monte Carlo

Numerical integration approximates the area under a curve when an exact antiderivative is unknown, using deterministic quadrature rules or random sampling (Monte Carlo).

#numerical integration#quadrature#trapezoidal rule+11
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Matrix Factorizations (Numerical)

Matrix factorizations rewrite a matrix into simpler building blocks (triangular or orthogonal) that make solving and analyzing linear systems much easier.

#lu decomposition#qr factorization#householder reflections+12