Concepts3

Overflow Prevention Techniques

Integer overflow happens when a computed value exceeds the range of its type; in C++ this silently wraps for unsigned and is undefined for signed, so prevention is crucial.

#overflow prevention#long long#__int128+11

⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate

Polygon Area and Centroid

The signed area of a simple polygon can be computed in O(n) using the shoelace formula, which sums cross products of consecutive vertices.

#shoelace formula#polygon area#centroid+12

⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Convex Hull Trick - Dynamic (LineContainer)

Dynamic Convex Hull Trick (LineContainer) maintains the lower or upper envelope of lines y = m x + b with O(log n) insertion and O(log n) query for arbitrary insertion order.

#convex hull trick#dynamic cht#linecontainer+12