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🗂️Data StructureAdvanced

Segment Tree with Range Affine Transformation

A segment tree with lazy propagation can support range updates of the form x → a·x + b (affine transformations) and range-sum queries in O(log n) per operation.

#segment tree#lazy propagation#affine update+12
🗂️Data StructureAdvanced

Kinetic Tournament Tree

A kinetic tournament tree maintains the minimum (or maximum) of moving values whose pairwise order can change over time.

#kinetic data structure
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#segment tree
#tournament tree
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+12
🗂️Data StructureAdvanced

Euler Tour Tree

An Euler Tour Tree represents each rooted tree as a DFS open/close sequence so that every subtree is a single contiguous interval.

#euler tour tree#implicit treap#dynamic forest+11
🗂️Data StructureAdvanced

HLD - Path Queries and Updates

Heavy-Light Decomposition (HLD) breaks a tree into a small number of vertical chains so any path (u,v) becomes O(log n) contiguous segments in an array.

#heavy light decomposition#hld#path query+12
🗂️Data StructureAdvanced

Persistent Segment Tree

A persistent segment tree stores every historical version of an array-like data while supporting queries and updates in O(log n) time.

#persistent segment tree#path copying#kth smallest+12
🗂️Data StructureAdvanced

Segment Tree - Handling Multiple Lazy Operations

When a segment tree supports multiple range updates, you must define how lazy tags compose, because the order of operations matters and composition is not commutative.

#segment tree#lazy propagation#range add+12