Concepts6
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate
XOR Hashing (Zobrist Hashing)
XOR (Zobrist) hashing assigns a random 64-bit number to each possible element and hashes a set by XORing the numbers of present elements.
#xor hashing#zobrist hashing#incremental hashing+11
📚TheoryIntermediate
Online Algorithm Theory
Online algorithms make decisions step by step without seeing the future and are judged against an all-knowing offline optimum.
#online algorithms#competitive analysis#ski rental+12
📚TheoryIntermediate
Randomized Algorithm Theory
Randomized algorithms use random bits to make choices that simplify design, avoid worst cases, and often speed up computation.
#randomized algorithms#las vegas#monte carlo+12
∑MathIntermediate
Variance and Covariance
Variance measures how spread out a random variable is around its mean, while covariance measures how two variables move together.
#variance#covariance#standard deviation+12
∑MathIntermediate
Expected Value
Expected value is the long-run average outcome of a random variable if you could repeat the experiment many times.
#expected value#linearity of expectation#indicator variables+12
⚙️AlgorithmIntermediate
Randomized Algorithms
Randomized algorithms use coin flips (random bits) to guide choices, often making code simpler and fast on average.
#randomized algorithms#las vegas#monte carlo+12