Concepts2

Modular Arithmetic Pitfalls

Modular arithmetic is about working with remainders, but programming languages often return negative remainders, so always normalize with (a % MOD + MOD) % MOD.

#modular arithmetic#modular inverse#fermats little theorem+12

∑MathIntermediate

Fermat's Little Theorem

Fermat's Little Theorem says that for a prime p and integer a not divisible by p, a^{p-1} ≡ 1 (mod p).

#fermat's little theorem#modular inverse#binary exponentiation+11