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Directed Graph Two-Edge Connectivity

Thinking Mode

Summary

  • •Phase 5 / graph_theory, connectivity
  • •Reasoning-first competitive programming drill

Problem Description

Given a directed graph with n nodes and m edges, determine whether every pair of nodes is connected by at least two edge-disjoint paths (not necessarily simple) in both directions. How to read this problem in plain language: - This is a Phase 5 reasoning drill focused on grapht​heory, connectivity. - Typical lenses to test first: graphs, connectivity, edge-disjoint paths. - Constraints reminder: 2 ≤ n≤1e5, 1 ≤ m≤2e5 Mini examples for mental simulation: 1) Boundary example: Describe why this case is tricky. Explain expected behavior and why naive logic may fail. 2) Adversarial example: Adversarial case where naive greedy/local decision looks correct but fails globally. Lite-mode writing target: - Write 1~2 observations that shrink the search space. - Name one final algorithm and state target complexity explicitly. - Validate with at least 2 edge cases and one hand simulation.

Constraints

  • •
    2 ≤ n≤1e5, 1 ≤ m≤2e5

Analysis

Key Insight

The goal is to force explicit intermediate reasoning before revealing more.

graphsconnectivityedge-disjoint pathsstrongly-connected
graphsconnectivityedge-disjoint pathsstrongly-connected