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Concepts12

Groups

📐Linear Algebra15📈Calculus & Differentiation10🎯Optimization14🎲Probability Theory12📊Statistics for ML9📡Information Theory10🔺Convex Optimization7🔢Numerical Methods6🕸Graph Theory for Deep Learning6🔵Topology for ML5🌐Differential Geometry6∞Measure Theory & Functional Analysis6🎰Random Matrix Theory5🌊Fourier Analysis & Signal Processing9🎰Sampling & Monte Carlo Methods10🧠Deep Learning Theory12🛡️Regularization Theory11👁️Attention & Transformer Theory10🎨Generative Model Theory11🔮Representation Learning10🎮Reinforcement Learning Mathematics9🔄Variational Methods8📉Loss Functions & Objectives10⏱️Sequence & Temporal Models8💎Geometric Deep Learning8

Category

🔷All∑Math⚙️Algo🗂️DS📚Theory

Level

AllBeginnerIntermediate
📚TheoryIntermediate

RLHF Mathematics

RLHF turns human preferences between two model outputs into training signals using a probabilistic model of choice.

#rlhf#bradley-terry#pairwise comparisons+11
∑MathIntermediate

Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE)

Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) chooses parameters that make the observed data most probable under a chosen model.

#maximum likelihood
Advanced
Filtering by:
#hessian
#log-likelihood
#bernoulli mle
+12
⚙️AlgorithmAdvanced

Newton's Method & Second-Order Optimization

Newton's method uses both the gradient and the Hessian to take steps that aim directly at the local optimum by fitting a quadratic model of the loss around the current point.

#newton's method#second-order optimization#hessian+12
∑MathIntermediate

Lagrange Multipliers & Constrained Optimization

Lagrange multipliers let you optimize a function while strictly satisfying equality constraints by introducing auxiliary variables (the multipliers).

#lagrange multipliers#constrained optimization#kkt conditions+11
∑MathIntermediate

Implicit Differentiation & Implicit Function Theorem

Implicit differentiation lets you find slopes and higher derivatives even when y is given indirectly by an equation F(x,y)=0.

#implicit differentiation#implicit function theorem#jacobian+12
📚TheoryIntermediate

Automatic Differentiation

Automatic differentiation (AD) computes exact derivatives by systematically applying the chain rule to your program, not by symbolic algebra or numerical differences.

#automatic differentiation#dual numbers#forward mode+12
∑MathIntermediate

Jacobian Matrix

The Jacobian matrix collects all first-order partial derivatives of a vector-valued function, describing how small input changes linearly affect each output component.

#jacobian matrix#partial derivatives#multivariable calculus+11
∑MathIntermediate

Multivariable Chain Rule

The multivariable chain rule explains how rates of change pass through a pipeline of functions by multiplying the right derivatives (Jacobians) in the right order.

#multivariable chain rule#jacobian#gradient+12
∑MathIntermediate

Gradient & Directional Derivatives

The gradient \(\nabla f\) points in the direction of steepest increase of a scalar field and its length equals the maximum rate of increase.

#gradient#directional derivative#partial derivative+12
∑MathIntermediate

Partial Derivatives

Partial derivatives measure how a multivariable function changes when you wiggle just one input while keeping the others fixed.

#partial derivatives#gradient#jacobian+12
📚TheoryIntermediate

Matrix Calculus

Matrix calculus extends ordinary calculus to functions whose inputs and outputs are vectors and matrices, letting you compute gradients, Jacobians, and Hessians systematically.

#matrix calculus#gradient#jacobian+12
📚TheoryIntermediate

Convex Optimization

Convex optimization studies minimizing convex functions over convex sets, where every local minimum is guaranteed to be a global minimum.

#convex optimization#convex function#convex set+12